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Larval source management

Stopping mosquitoes before they fly

Three of a mosquito’s four life stages happen in water. Larviciding treats breeding sites so eggs, larvae and pupae never become biting adults.

Two larviciding officers in protective gear treat standing water in tall grass

The life cycle

Egg, larva, pupa, adult

Malaria is passed on by the bite of an infected female Anopheles mosquito. The first three stages of its life are aquatic; only the adult lives on land.

Larval source management (LSM) is the targeted management of these water habitats, so fewer larvae and pupae complete their development.

Close-up of mosquito larvae floating on the surface of water
Mosquito larvae at a breeding site.

How we do it

Four ways to manage breeding sites

Larviciding complements our core intervention, indoor residual spraying, and insecticide-treated nets. We use Bacillus thuringiensis israelensis (Bti), a biological larvicide.

  • Permanent

    Habitat modification

    A lasting change to the environment, such as land reclamation.

  • Recurring

    Habitat manipulation

    Repeated work such as flushing streams.

  • Natural

    Biological control

    Introducing natural predators into water bodies.

  • Treatment

    Larviciding

    Regular application of biological or chemical insecticides to water.

Precision

Every breeding site is geotagged

Teams tag and describe potential breeding sites with the GhanaPost GPS app and map them in Google Earth. That tells us how many people and how much larvicide each round needs, and makes it quick to find sites again for re-treatment.

Entomological monitoring tracks larval and adult mosquito numbers over time, so we can see whether treatment is working.

Two field officers with buckets apply larvicide to a grassy breeding site

Help us reach malaria-free communities

Volunteer in your community, partner with us on a programme, or see our open position.